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Fenomena murtad dalam masyarakat Islam awal : implikasi perang Riddah terhadap kebebasan beragama dalam Islam /
Studi on the wars of apostasy shows that the meaning of riddah at Abu Bakr's reign has more extensive connotation. It was not only defined as the rejection of the former religion [Islam]. But also as every deed of renegade and rebel againts Islamic goverment. There were many factors to do apostasy. Such as refusal of paying alms, denial againts the caliphate of Abu Bakr, disconnection from the authority of Abu Bakr, endeavor to obtain the prophesy, tribal conflict to get the authority and influence of foreign nations. The wars of opostacy, which happened during 632 and 633 following the death of Muhammad, gained achievement to stabilize Islamic government, although there were excesses in the process of operation. Some people comprehend the wars of apostacy as evidence to justify the capital punishment on every apostate, but the others disagree with that assessment. At least, there were two reasons for Abu Bakr to perform his military decision toward the apostates, i.e. religious..ifa.
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