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Academic emphasis of urban elementary schools and student achievement in reading and mathematics : a multilevel analysis /
This research examines the importance of a scools climate characterized by high levels of academic emphasis. Effective schools research is reviewed to develop a conceptual model undergirding the measurement of academic emphasis. In addition, social cognitive theory is employed as a theoretical framework explaining the development and effect of academic emphasis on student achievement. With the use of hierachical lenear modeling, the authors show that academic emphasis is important to differences among urban elementary schools in student mathematics and reading achievent. syur.
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