The Muslim Brotherhood plays a prominent role in the politics of many Muslim countries as one of the largest Islamist groups. As a politico-social movement, the Muslim Brotherhood has gone through many tactical and ideological shifts over the past 90 years since its founding in 1928. Studying these shifts and the reasoning behind them can help us to understand the behaviour of certain groups. T…
L. Ron Hubbard.
Shari'ah has always been deemed as an integral part of Muslims life. As a binding and commanding divine law, Shari'ah has in other words been internalized in the being and existence of Muslims through their obidience and regular practice. The question that this paper tries to naswer is whether Shari'ah is divine and transcendent, or is it evolving from being transcendent to becoming mere ideas …
Reactions to Chapter 6, The Evolution of Educational Ledership Program, by Martha McCarthy. syur.
Kekhawatiran kalangan agamawan terhadap teori evolusi, salah satunya pada penafsiran mereka bahwa teori evolusi cenderung meniadakan ruangan bagi Tuhan. Dengan mengatakan bahwa makhluk hidup, tak terkecuali manusia, muncul dengan sendirinya melalui seleksi alam (natural selection) yang gradual, peran Tuhan sebagai pencipta menjadi terusik. Belum lagi pernyataan teori ini tentang keberadaan makh…
The innovation of artifacts it somewhat can bee seen as a process of evolution. The paper presents an endeavor to view the evolution of artifact by using evolutionary concept of memetics. We showed the ways to build a phylomemetic tree based on memes contituting an artifact to infer or estimate the evulutionary history and relationship between artifacts. UPGMA algorithm and the shortest tree me…
Classical fiqh, which is based on classical ushul al fiqih, has often been considered out of date and no longer has its effectiveness at handling new problems. The article is a study critically addresed to the classical theory of ushul fiqih, which is commonly accused as a factor that made fiqih static and has nothing to do with reality. The writer proposes, then, how to develop a new model of …