For the Madurese, kiai is a degree of community given to someone who has extensive knowledge of Islamic religion. On the island, however, it is somewhat difficult to determine whether someone is a kiai or not, because the title more lies on social recognition. Only those who run an Islamic boarding school can be easily recognized as kiai. Furthermore, kiai is very close to politics. This is ine…
This article attempts to explore the basic character of Madurese people that put the moral-ethic basics on every attitude, utterances and behaviour of Madurese local politic phenomena.The study results four basic characteristic of Madurese....etc.
The result of study showed that the bull race culture values in it's historical period had experinced changes. Those changes were taxonomyzed in to two circumstances: Firsly, The change of significant symbols convertly. Secondly, the change of significant symbols overtly. The former was linked to the change of madurese mental of conduct. At the beginning, bull race was a symbols of a polite and…