Ehthesami dan Abrahamian menamakan Iran Pasca Khomeini sebagai the Second Republic dengan alasan yang berbeda. Sedangkan Halliday menamainya dengan post-akhundism. Tulisan ini ingin menampilkan dialektika agama dan politik yang berlangsung secara rasional, agar bisa dijadikan cermin bagi umat Islam di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah multidimensional agar didapat pandangan …
The long and continous interaction process between islamic preaching (da'wa) an javanese culture has resulted in new product of synthetic culture.The emergence of some rituals which shows some combination between local culture form and islamic message is acceptable as far as this acculturation maintains the fundamental spirit of islamic teaching.
Hasan Hanafi criticizes sufism, first because sufism orients to external world through inner dimension. Second, sufism with its docrines is a discipline which is a historical [inkhiraj al Tarikh]. The later is based on two aspects: historical and doctrinal aspect. According to Hanafi, it is necessary to reconstruct sufism. This writing will try to explain Hasan Hanafi's ide of sufism reconstruc…